I've been thinking about collective memory lately. The idea that we identify with a community because we tap into a shared memory. In other words, how do you know that you are American (or other nationality)? You believe that you are American because you identify yourself with the collective memory of the nation. This is true for any group you identify with: Jewish, feminist, African American, book club member, high school alum, church member, religion, etc. Collective memory is an interesting topic. In 1925 sociologist Maurice Halbwachs pioneered the idea of collective memory. He said, interestingly, that collective memory is a social function used by a group.....not to accurately recall the past, but to interpret the present. Whatever group you identify with and whatever memory the members of that group share, those memories are not reliable to recount the past. For example, Christians tap into the memory of Jesus via the Bible. It is irrelevant whether Jesus actually did anything that the Bible claims. The collective memory becomes powerful enough to form a myth in which a community of Christians reinforce through social interaction and use to help them navigate their current lives.
Another example, my grandfather used to be amish. Thankfully for me, he left that faith before I was ever born. But when I listen to my dad and his brothers recount their childhood as amish kids, I cannot actually count on them to accurately recall what actually happened. When they tell their stories, they are actually using those memories to underscore their present situation as a small group who left the faith and were ostracized by the rest of their family. Perhaps they are trying to legitimize their breakaway from the amish faith, maybe they are trying to demonstrate that they feel the amish are hypocrites and they are not, maybe they are trying to justify their present material pursuits after having lived such an frugal life well into their teenage years. Their stories are interesting and there is some truth to them, but they cannot accurately recount the past. It is not that they are lying or purposely trying to confuse people, it is just how it happens. The next time you listen to someone tell you a story that they remember, consider the group that they identify with and listen very closely; from what they say, you will probably find out more about their present than you will about their past.
From a perspective of history this is really difficult to deal with. In fact you might ask, what, then, is the point of history? Well, the point is not to understand what actually happened but to understand why they group believes what happened, happened. Tricky indeed. I don't know if this translates to personal relationships or not. I have a friend who is an interesting case study. She recalls all sorts of things from her past that no one else recalls. Halbwachs also said that we need to corroborate our memory with other people....if we can't do this, we either go insane or we change our memory. So, my friend is able to corroborate her stories with her siblings but she cannot corroborate them with her parents. For example, my friend says that her mother made her wear saddle shoes in first grade. Her mother denies it but her sisters and brothers say it happened. Did it happen? Who knows? But if my friend was angry at her mother for making her wear saddle shoes, it suggests that she and her siblings have gotten together and agreed that this happened and they use it to explain why their mother behaved the way she did, which leads them to measure their current relationship with their mother. I must say that I remember things from my past and I can't recall whether they happened or not but I feel that they did. In fact, I cannot even remember the larger context of the memory....just the memory. But I have enough context now that I am older to try to project a context on that context-less memory, which helps me explain my current life. Does this mean that you can't believe people when they tell you a story of their past? No, you should believe them, but you should also realize that the context in which they place the story usually is from the present....or at least from the time when they became old enough and aware enough to contextualize the memory, even though the memory happpened at a time before they understood what the memory meant. If you want a pop culture frame of reference for all of this, watch the film Memento.